For thousands of years, Polynesian navigators managed voyages like this without the help of modern navigational aids. . BednBlue. Visual module with map, showing sea and land routings . NASA's Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) generated this data set using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software package. Some . However, given the remote and. Echuca 1,656 km Wentworth 826 km. The deeper the water, the greater the speed of tsunami waves will be. 7 cm. It may take a few seconds to load GPS coordinates, so if you're in a hurry, you can enter your local city in the form instead. Ocean freight can accommodate a wider range of cargo in relation to weight and size. 9. To align with the scope 3 method in the GLEC Framework (Greene and Lewis, 2019) which applies to the whole supply chain, nautical miles in ocean distance are converted to kilometers. Paul Webb. 47. Calculates the "As the Crow Flies" distance between any two places on earth. Nautical charts contain a lot of useful information. Daytona Beach. On the inner slope (continental side), the trench walls are much more steep. While both the Moon and the Sun influence the ocean tides, the Moon plays the biggest role. ocean currents flow at the surface; others flow deep within water. Getting ready. Both the depth and the distance from shore strongly influence the biodiversity of. Establishing such a network at sea, a Maritime Internet of Things (MIoT), would enhance services related to safety and security at sea, environmental protection, and research. Sound is a highly. View vessel details and ship photos. 22—Right in the middle of downtown Ocean Springs, where festivals spill onto the streets and dozens of restaurants, shops and bars are in easy walking. It would take 43 hours to drive. (a) An example of the application of Wasserstein distance on cluster boundaries for March and August based on chlorophyll climatology data (the full set of plots from all months is provided in electronic supplementary material, figure S8). The Alps 2 Ocean Cycle Trail is divided into nine sections. 5 weeks. Some lakes and rivers can also have tides. S. Search the MarineTraffic ships database of more than 550000 active and decommissioned vessels. Complete your associate degree 100% online. The northernmost point of land is the northern tip of Kaffeklubben Island, north of Greenland), which lies slightly north of Cape Morris Jesup, Greenland (Various shifting gravel bars lie farther north, the most famous being Oodaaq. Wind-driven waves, or surface waves, are created by the friction between wind and surface water. S. TracPy: Fortran core of Tracmass + Python wrapping around the outside. The shelf area is. By moving heat from the equator toward the poles, ocean currents play an important role in. Over 200 million tonnes of cargo travel on the waterway on an annual basis. The Atlantic Ocean is the world’s second-largest ocean after the Pacific Ocean. On the right is shown only the paths sound travels from a source at 1000m depth to a receiver at 1000m. Here are 4 ways we use it. You can search for inlets by name or. The high seas are not lawless. This week, voyagers around the Pacific are mourning Baybayan’s sudden death at age 64. The wavelength λ (the Greek letter lambda) is the distance between two crests (or two troughs or two inflection points with the same curvature above and below the points). The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. This is the approximate distance across the Atlantic Ocean between between the. loading. Open-water distances typically get elongated due to shifting conditions, so a mile in the ocean will take more time—and feel more challenging—than a mile in the pool. The low-water line is derived from the coastal State’s own charts. Like the Mercator projection use the vertical scale to measure distances. 5 nautical miles per gallon to traverse the Atlantic. Find nearby businesses, restaurants and hotels. 4 Sound. We will cease to exist once our mission of clean oceans has been achieved. This section of the Alps 2 Ocean Cycle trail is a must do for towering views of New Zealand’s highest mountain – Aoraki/Mt Cook, the scenic helicopter ride and true high country hospitality. Where am I going to fix. We will cease to exist once our mission. sqrt (1. It is the pitch-black bottom layer of the ocean. Create a port, anchorage, an areaNegative distances represent locations over land (including land-locked bodies of water), while positive distances represent the ocean. Wind blowing across the water’s surface creates little disturbances called capillary waves, or ripples that start from gentle breezes (Figure 10. See answers. The maximum famous course to the ocean from Seattle is via Interstate 5, which takes travelers south to the city of Tacoma earlier than reaching the coast. About this Gallery: Long-distance Ocean Travels. At Kiawah, 10-12 mile-per-hour winds are the mid-season average. Negative distances represent locations over land (including land-locked bodies of water), while positive distances represent the ocean. Sea turtles, monk seals, dolphins and whales are wild animals and protected under state and federal laws. Tiny islands are separated by vast ocean distances and the people depend on navigators like mouth for survival for the point about about what brought it from out of it. 69 versus r = 0. 4km from two ships were measured using the reticle scale in 253 binoculars during cetacean surveys in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. com. By Jimmy Cornell. So by standing in your boat, getting your eye 5 feet above the water, you can see 2. This map gallery offers a glimpse into the discoveries of a decade's investigation into life in all ocean realms from microbes to whales. Ships using technology called sonar, which stands for sound navigation and ranging, can map the topography of the ocean floor. Ocean freight can accommodate a wider range of cargo in relation to weight and size. Earth is the only planet in our solar system that is. 1 10. The road distance is 75 miles. 151, Distances Between Ports, for distances along normal ocean routes. 240 miles. But, unfortunately, human activity complicates the bird’s voyage. Buttersworth, c. 10, measure the distance from the ridge axis to the of the normal polarity period for each ridge. 94-95)Modons or dipole eddy pairs, are eddies that can carry water over distances of more than 1000 km in the ocean, in different directions than usual sea currents like Rossby waves, and much faster than other eddies. Tsunami waves in the deep ocean can travel at high speeds for long periods of time for distances of thousands of kilometers and lose very little energy in the process. point mountain continent elevation (meters) C: Everest: Asia: 8,848: H: Kilimanjaro:The Mallee Distances. 3 miles. In phrases of distance, Seattle is approximately one hundred miles from the Pacific Ocean. Here's how it works. It contains about 1. Boasting one of the longest stretches of pristine coastline in the United States, the Canaveral National Seashore is home to Apollo Beach, Klondike Beach, and Playalinda Beach, making it the ultimate destination for those seeking to enjoy a wonderful vacation by the ocean. He was a key figure in the region’s resurgence of wayfinding, the science of sailing vast ocean distances. Port distances. 3 and 10. It will give you the shortest route from any vessel's AIS position in the map to any port or combination of ports, and find the distance, time and ETA. Its area, excluding adjacent seas, encompasses about 62. Maritime limits and boundaries for the United States are measured from the official U. If you’re standing up and you’re about 6 feet tall, let’s say your eyes are sitting at about 5. Wavelength is the distance between two peaks of a sound wave. First, it is necessary to create an empty raster. The double-hulled canoes were two large hulls. Environmentally friendly – Ocean shipping emits less CO2 and has a lower carbon footprint than other forms of transportation. Click on the following link for a full size. One of the best cruising sailboats under 40 feet, the Vancouver 28 is great sailing in a small package. Our formula integrates the curve of the earth to calculate as best as possible the distance as the crow flies. 7. We have developed custom routing algorithms, and leverage. You can search for. Calculate the total nautical distance of your sea voyage with ease. Distances. Map of ports all around the world, Enter two ports, choose speed and find out how long it will take. There are even onsite accommodations with camping and cabins. Wind blowing across the water’s surface creates little disturbances called capillary waves, or ripples that start from gentle breezes (Figure 10. Due to the mountainous, windy roads, this map can also tell you approximately how long it will take to drive from one destination to the next as you can roughly calculate one kilometer per minute of travel. If the yacht does not have this range, there are other options for shipping the yacht across the ocean on a cargo boat or large container ship. Starting point: South Maui. Swells are typically smooth waves, not choppy like wind waves. Treasure Island is about 98 miles from Disney World and takes roughly the same amount. The gaps or distances between depths are 1000m. The ocean covers 70 percent of Earth 's surface. METHODNorthernmost. Many luxury mega yachts and superyachts can cross the ocean but not all vessels are equipped or built to do so. - Easy to measure distance (lat. 45. The resulting value from Eq. Find the shortest route, ETA, days in sea, bunker ports. Distance & Time. Many marine organisms rely on their ability to hear for their survival. Sonar. height exceeds 1/7 of the wavelength) the wave gets too steep, and will. 6 or 2. View mother. calculate Calculate sea route and distance for any 2 ports in the world. 2. 21 nm (outside)/ 36 sm ICW. Ocean liners are typically faster than cruise ships. Explanation: It was believed earlier that oceans were the land bridges that used to connect different geologic plates of planet earth earlier, had now sank down and thus there exists no connection between the tectonic plates. Some wind waves are generated locally. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor, the abyssal plain. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. This table presents the average distance to the ocean for selected countries. Some currents flow for short distances; others cross entire ocean basins and even circle the globe. ( based on nmmc. Waves are caused by energy passing through the water, causing the water to move in a circular motion. Also indicates direction of currents. The result of the geodesic distance calculation is immediately displayed, along with a map showing the two points linked by a straight line. S. Fewer accidents? One of the biggest issues is the safety of solely relying on computers to operate ships over vast ocean distances. The color of that distance is the color of an emotion, the color of solitude and of desire, the color of there seen from here, the color of where you are not. This map gallery offers a glimpse into the discoveries of a decade 's investigation into life in all ocean realms from microbes to whales. Distances are measured from sea level. Curved routes over land are generally shorter than straight routes over the ocean. 000 distances. The distances were calculated by manually digitising the river path from various aerial images ( ESRI , Bing , Google ) in QGIS (WGS 84). 15 sm. Practice. Length. This is the thumb rule you need to. Take Highway 30 to Kaahumanu Avenue (aka Iao Valley Road) and take a left at the traffic light. When it comes to extreme distances, traveling to the Antarctic ice sheet ranks high on the list. Ocean distance. Open-water distances typically get elongated due to shifting conditions, so a mile in the ocean will take more time—and feel more challenging—than a mile in the pool. Latitude is measured as the angle from the equator, to the Earth’s center, to your position on the Earth’s surface (Figure 5. Ocean-Passage Planner. You can choose between port-to-port, using only the specific ports of lading and unlading, or door-to-door, using complete origin and destination cities (including specific ports). Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. On the open sea, sailors relied on dead reckoning—estimating a new position based on knowing a ship’s last position, speed, and direction. Airlines prefer flying over “curved” routes over land instead of traversing oceans. This Great Ocean road trip planner will help you get the most of your self-drive by highlighting 18 of the best stops, including a few offbeat options and itinerary variations for 2-5 days. - Great-circle distances and directions are not readily determinable; and - High distortion in extreme latitudes. Today London-New York flights typically have block times of. Any point on Earth can be defined by the intersection of its lines of latitude and longitude. This gives a frame of reference to the customer, but all other things being equal, given a choice between several. A gene dispersal distance of less than a kilometer, and a northward gene flow direction, in agreement with ocean surface currents in the region were found. Your resolution is 100 metres, but probably as a geographic distance like 50 ArcSeconds, create a distance raster using gdal_proximity. Distances were computed with GMT using its intermediate-resolution. Any of these products may be used to assist the user in planning a voyage. report flag outlined. 75 miles! The Earth curves faster than most people think. , see Palumbi 1994) has been supported by some phylogeographic studies (e. The longer wavelengths appear to our eyes as the reds and oranges, while the shorter ones appear blue and green. The time taken to fly between Los Angeles. The navigators of settle the last of a nation of sailors one settled the entire Pacific. Incheon Bridge (12. For example, pets can return home after escaping their yard, birds migrate long distances, and aquatic animals find their way to a particular beach, bay, or stream during mating season. Along coasts, the water slowly rises up over the shore and then slowly falls back again. It’s about 3. This minimum connection time is a variant on the standard measure of ocean distance, which is the expected transit time for water to travel from one patch to another 13,14. 883a and b), and the Act of 22 OctoberSearates provides Online Tool for Distance Calculation & Shipping Rates Between Air & Sea Ports. 7 cm. Logistics document management software . It is the smallest, youngest, and physically most complex of the world’s three major oceans (Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian). But with the rise of the industrial age, levels of underwater noise from human activities—including from ships, sonar, and drilling—increased dramatically. In the 1800s and early 1900s, sailing was the most cost-effective and safest form of transportation between Europe and North America. This node uses volumes generated by one or more. Isolation-by. They run north to south from pole to pole, but they measure the distance east or west. These animals spend the majority of their lives in the ocean, but come onto beaches to lay their eggs or bask in the sun. 1 ). In this comprehensive guide, we will dive into the specifics and distances between all of the islands that make up the Hawaiian. 5miles),. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about 85,133,000 km 2 (32,870,000 sq mi). Speed profile, ECA zone avoidance, and gateway preference help you to compare. Calculate the total nautical distance of your sea voyage with ease. 1. d = √ (2 * R * h + h^2) Where: d represents the distance to the horizon. Shalowitz, published in 1962 and 1964, respectively, are considered to be two of the. “It will take two to four weeks”, for example, or “it can be delivered by Friday if you place your order in the next 12 hours”. The full trail is achievable for reasonably fit and experienced riders, and suitable for E-bikes with plenty of places to recharge. They have a memorial near the turnaround where you may read a. Ocean currents are located at the ocean surface and in deep water below 300 meters. It's an otherworldly place, with crushing pressures, bizarre life, and a trove of hidden scientific secrets waiting to be revealed. They showed that crocodiles could “surf”; one saltie even surfed over 366 miles in 25 days. Route Planner improves operational efficiency by route optimisation for any sea passage. The pronounced ocean stratification implied that vertical depth would have a strong effect on microbial community diversity and result in an obvious distance-decay relationship. Distance To City. Get driving directions How do I travel from Olympia to Ocean Shores without a car? The best way to get from Olympia to Ocean Shores without a car is to bus which takes 3h 24m and costs $1 - $3. This is based on a gasoline consumption rate of 4 gallons per hour at a cruising speed of 10 knots. The types of rocks found in these ocean trenches are also asymmetrical. Based on the speeds above, here are some examples of how long it could take each type of cargo ship to sail between some of the busiest container ports in the world. Distances were computed with GMT using its intermediate-resolution coastline and then gridded globally at a spatial resolution of 0. palmata larvae within the Lesser Antilles further limited by geographic. Geodesic distance calculator. Crossing the US on the I-40 puts you within driving distance of the Grand Canyon, which can be worth a detour. Covering nearly 71 percent of Earth’s surface, the oceans have an average depth of 3,688 metres (12,100 feet). Enter latitude and longitude of two points, select the desired units: nautical miles (n mi), statute miles (sm), or kilometers (km) and click Compute. [Note: The distance between cities in Georgia (US) distance chart below is straight line distance (may be called as flying or air distance) between the two locations. Weight and Size of Goods. The saltwater or estuarine crocodile. It's one of the shorter swims on the list, but it might be one of the more challenging. Drag the points marking the mountains and trenches to the vertical number line and answer the questions. They are not generated by the local wind, but by distant storms. Topography. 47 or later) to carry out this calculation. Appin. When the sun's light strikes the ocean, it interacts with water molecules and can be absorbed or scattered. uk) Alain Bombard crossed the Atlantic in a small (12~14 ft) inflatable boat in 1952. It uses radio waves instead of a ruler to measure distances. There is not an ocean trench at the East Pacific Rise, because the seafloor spreading is too rapid for one to develop! The newest, thinnest crust on Earth is located near the center of mid-ocean. Typical frequencies associated with underwater acoustics are between 10. Tradition demands you roll down your car windows and cruise the hard-packed sands of its beach. And the color of where you can never go. Hugo Vihlen crossed Atlantic ocean in this tiny sailboatt in 105 days in 1993. [2] It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. Add as many points as required and the distance will build up. Helena and Sao Tome and ~2,500 km between Ascension and Sao Tome) of unsuitable open-ocean distances, combined with the. To cross the USA using this route would be 2871 miles. Point Nemo is the most remote place on Earth - the place farthest from land. costs are expected to reduce import volumes. Ships using technology called sonar, which stands for sound navigation and ranging, can map the topography of the ocean floor. For example, one shipment originating from China and traveling west across the United States, a distance of 8,924 miles (or 14,573 kilometers), would take about 12 days to arrive at its final. On the inner slope (continental side), the trench walls are much more steep. These distances assume coast-hopping from one end of the island to a different departure point, which we almost always did. It has an area of about 106,460,000 km2 and lies in-between the Americas on one side, and Europe and Africa on the other; giving it a narrow S-shape. A P-8 Navy aircraft crashed into Kaneohe Bay in Oahu, Hawaii, on Monday, November 20. The calculation used for determining the distance to the horizon takes into account variables such as vision, nautical miles, and the eyes. As an academic subject, it often crosses the boundaries of standard. How to find the shortest road distance between two places?From the equator to the poles, the highly populated to the remote, and from beaches to the deepest trenches at the bottom of the sea, plastic waste is found all over the globe. ” 5. Wavelength: the distance between two identical points on successive waves, for example crest to crest, or trough to trough. Ignorance of vast stretches of ocean and coastline characterized navigation until well into the 19th century. The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering 70,560,000 km 2 (27,240,000 sq mi). But they're pretty close. 2 miles deep. This influences El. Some currents flow for short distances; others cross entire ocean basins and even circle the globe. The results of the third and most-recent United. Traffic delays can be a drag. A nautical mile is a unit of length used in air, marine, and space navigation, and for the definition of territorial waters. nmi: is the symbol of nautical miles in distance. a. Sea+InlandRouting Get the most accurate distances to better predict arrival times, monitor fuel consumption, estimate Co2, compute deviation costs. 22. Search the list of Pacific Coast Charts: 18003 - Cape Blanco to Cape Flattery. [2] It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. Moon Plays the Biggest Role. Environmental distance is a measure of the similarity in environmental conditions between two geographic locations. The area in the ocean where sound waves refract up and down is known as the "sound channel. For road, Emission Factors being used are based upon Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems (GEMIS). marine mammals. Length: 4. The massive infrastructure project aims to connect multiple continents across land and. Distances are measured from sea level. Time Estimate: Approximately 40 minutes to an hour. This beginner’s guide aims to demystify the complex. Seametrix uses the most sophisticated calculating algorithms, running on cutting-edge servers, and provides by far the most accurate sea distance results when it comes to nautical distances between ports!Currents move ocean waters around our planet over long distances, primarily in a horizontal direction, reshaping the ocean’s surface and causing it to tilt. The narrow strait is where the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea meet, and it is the shortest path between Europe and Africa. Efficiency – Most shipping containers have the option of cost-sharing. Creating transparent supply chains. The IMA lies on the western boundary of the Pacific and westward flowing ocean currents could transport the pelagic larvae of species originating anywhere in the Pacific to the IMA. 4 kilometers away from a person whose eye height is 1. Ocean Literacy Principles The Earth has one big ocean with many features DCPS, High School Earth Science ES. SOFAR is an ocean “channel” that allows sound to carry great distances. IMG_2400. Plus, in addition to the beach, you also can fish, go kayaking, hike, bike, and more. 22 Nautical Charts Chart. Towong 2,342 km Hume Dam 2,143 km. The Office of Coast Survey depicts on its nautical charts the territorial sea (12 nautical miles), contiguous zone (24nm), and exclusive economic zone (200nm, plus maritime boundaries with adjacent/opposite countries). Place the distances on Figure 3. Boydton (Virginia) is 76 miles from the ocean (Atlantic Ocean). Select destination in other state. MarineTraffic Data is the ultimate source for port intelligence. The eight main islands that make up Hawaii are spaced between 5 miles to 250 miles apart from their closest neighbor. By measuring the frequency, amplitude, location and seasonality. The distance that sound travels in the ocean varies greatly, depending primarily upon water temperature and pressure. The Great Lakes/Seaway System is a 3,700 km “marine highway” that extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. Speed profile, ECA zone avoidance, and gateway preference help you to compare various routes. The continental shelf and the slope are part of the continental margin. Learn more: Western Fisheries Research Center - Questions and Answers about Salmon. 46. economy NOAA’s Office of Coast Survey maintains the nation’s nautical charts and publications for U. To find the distance between two places, enter the start and end destination and this distance calculator will give you complete distance information. Sound can travel through a zone for hundreds, sometimes thousands of miles. Available in other languages: French. More than 4. Nelson Science Perspectives 10. 4 kilometers out into the ocean, thinking that it’s not a great distance, because as you row towards. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe, and Asia from the "New World" of the Americas in the European. Apparently, like a surfer catching a wave, these goliaths can ride currents on the ocean surface to cross large areas of open sea, researchers now reveal. Drive Time: 30 minutes to Port Fairy, 4 hours to Melbourne. Jason-3 bounces radio waves off the ocean surface. Although the Sun's gravitational pull on the Earth is 178 times stronger than the Moon's, the tidal bulges it causes are much smaller. In addition to enjoying. Rogers, AR 72756. Many natural sources—like storms, earthquakes, and animals—create underwater sounds. Lines of longitude, also called meridians, are imaginary lines that divide the Earth. China. If this ratio exceeds 1/7 (i. 62 versus r = 0. Earth Sciences questions and answers. It measures about 8. Mainland and Alaska. 2) The catch-weighted mean distance traveled to fish, for each. uk) Alain Bombard crossed the Atlantic in a small (12~14 ft) inflatable boat in 1952. The great circle distance from each grid cell centroid to the fishing country’s nearest domestic port (Distance to cell) was then calculated using the function distGeo () in the R package geosphere. Electrical signals are sent through copper cables rolled out from boats lying on the ocean floor c. They’re. It is extremely accurate, especially for shorter distances. Once they reach the ocean, they might travel an additional 1,000 miles to reach their feeding grounds. So the total time is (M + N) log M × 2. Getting a watermaker rather than lugging around a huge gallon tank helps a lot to reduce the weight on your boat, which improves your overall sailing performance. This distance and driving directions will also be displayed on an interactive map labeled as Distance Map and Driving Directions US. Over the last 35 years, this three-time circumnavigator has undertaken four voyages to the Pacific Ocean, roaming its waters far and wide, from southern Chile to Alaska and from Easter Island to Papua New Guinea, with visits to every island group in between. This method uses the observation that the average distance between the left and right eye of an adult is about 6. Creating transparent supply chains. 6 m. If you're a person with normal vision acuity — a rating of 20/20 — and you gaze horizontally from around 5 feet (152. This process is known as ocean acidification. Polynesian navigation or Polynesian wayfinding was used for thousands of years to enable long voyages across thousands of kilometers of the open Pacific Ocean. If you're driving to a town near the beach or coastline, you could try Jacksonville (North Carolina). pyroms: Collection of tools to help with input and output files from the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Question. Navigating With Stars. , Johnson and Black 2006a). SEA DISTANCES / PORT DISTANCES - online tool for calculation distances between sea ports. But over long distances, it was subject to ever-increasing errors. It covers an area of about 41 million square miles or about 26 percent. net utilizes Sea Distance Calculator from port to port, Nautical Chart, Interactive map of the major 300 rivers, seas and ocean objects and regions, Maritime Locator useful to spot, find out and contact Shipyards, Agents, Ship Suppliers, Bunkerers and nearby Sea Ports in the. The distances to 1,576 targets between 0. You can explore port details, statistics, arrivals and departures, weather and forecasts, and more. From Orlando, it is a two-hour drive to the Gulf of. 61 km (11. Distance calculator helps you to find how many miles from a city to an another city on map. The ocean ’s properties and processes function together. 1. Currents move ocean waters around our planet over long distances, primarily in a horizontal direction, reshaping the ocean’s surface and causing it to tilt. Length. Their ratio is therefore 1:10. 151 statute (regular) miles per. 4 Sound. ocean currents flow at the surface; others flow deep within water. During the 20th century several attempts to develop an international “law of the sea” have been made under the aegis of the United Nations. Georgia (US) Distance Chart (Distance Table): For your quick reference, below is a Distance Chart or Distance Table of distances between some of the major cities in Georgia (US). part of the Arctic Ocean, called the Molloy Hole, is 5. Distance and route computation. d. Ocean Distances to key markets from the Port D A Port Canaveral Latitude: 28° 24’ 46” North Longitude: 80° 3’ 49” West CT1 CT2 CT3 = SOUTH SIDE OF PORT B SIDE CRUISE TERMINALS — Royal Caribbean International — Victory Casino Cruises — Under Development R = GATE CT = CRUISE TERMINAL1.